The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of operational guidelines on cargo dwell time in Nigerian ports. Inefficient cargo dwell times have long hindered port efficiency, contributing to delays, increased costs, and reduced competitiveness in global trade. This study addresses a critical gap in the literature by specifically examining how adherence to standardized operational procedures influences cargo processing times. A cross-sectional survey design was employed, gathering data from 129 respondents across major Nigerian ports, including Apapa Port, Tin Can Island Port, and Port Harcourt Port. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression analyses. The findings reveal a strong positive correlation (r = 0.635, p < 0.01) between adherence to operational guidelines and reduced cargo dwell time. Regression analysis indicates that operational guidelines explain 40.3% of the variation in dwell time (R² = 0.403), with a unit increase in adherence associated with a 0.582-day reduction in dwell time. This study addresses a significant gap in the literature, which often generalizes inefficiencies in cargo dwell time without isolating the role of operational guidelines. By providing empirical evidence of this relationship, the research underscores the importance of clear, consistent, and enforced operational procedures in improving port efficiency. These findings have practical implications for port management and policymakers, suggesting that adherence to operational guidelines, supported by technology and infrastructure improvements, can enhance the efficiency of Nigerian ports.

This paper is aims to find out the preferred behavior of logistic business actors for using dry-port with rail-transport. The methodology of research was conducted by field survey randomly to logistic entrepreneurs in big cities at around Java with rail-network facilities, find the behavior of dry-port users for train reaching is less of numbers expectation, the remaining ispreferring use transport by road. This research limitation just taking respondents as many as 214 respondents, each of participants is considered to have same of knowledge about dry-port on transportedthem owned of goods, and expect of respondents to be representative the population. Finally founded the tendency of logistic business actors in Java to choose road/truck-transport in goods distribution activities, so have opportunity to use trains is still open, but it takes understanding and hard work to convince logistic actors.

This paper examines employee’s responses to innovation, and its effects on the performance of the nigerian banks. First bank plc branches in kebbi were selected for the research. Data were gathered using quantitative method 400 questionnaires were distributed to the employees of first bank of nigeria plc 254 questionnaires were returned and 242 were usable. The result shows that there are significance relationship between leadership, recognition and skills with significance of .001, 0.4 and 002. All the three hypotheses were summarized.The thesis recommends increase in training recruitment of qualified staff as well as good package

Abstract :

The aim of this paper is to present a set of comparative corporate governance standards in some northern asian countries including: singapore and pakistan. There are strengths and weaknesses in these codes or practices which will be identified in this paperwork.therefore, this paper not only identifies different points in latest corporate governance standard principles and systems in the above two (2) countries, but also provides with a summary of evaluation of current corporate governance systems in these above countries which may enable relevant organizations in re-evaluating their current ones. Last but not least, it aims to illustrate a limited comparative set of standards of northern asian corporate governance, and give proper recommendations to relevant governments and institutions toward a sustainable practices in business life.

The aim of the article is to compare the amount of remuneration expected by employees with the salary determined on the basis of the economic constant of potential growth. Using the theory of human capital, we are able to carry out a research consisting in a combination of remuneration resulting from the minimum wage. To achieve this, an econometric model containing three variables is introduced - the experience factor [Q(T)], the component of maintenance costs [K] and the cost element of education [E].For the sake of clarity, individual measurement models of human capital are presented along with models of fair remuneration. The obtained results prove that the model of human capital presented in the study can be used to determine the level of fair wage.

The aim of the article is to present a phenomenon closely related to the issue of mobbing.It offers theoretical approaches explaining this matter.The most common sources of aggressive proceedings in early childhood were discussed with details, mainly outlining subjective and situational conditions.Possible consequences of aggression in children at subsequent levels of their development have been presented, with special consideration of its negative consequences. The meaning of early aggression of violence for the future development of mobbing proceedings was also highlighted

Outreach breadth and outreach depth are factors affecting the operations and the goals of formal microfinance institutions (MFIs) in Vietnam. The purpose of this study is to discover the interactive relationship between outreach breadth and outreach depth and to examine factors that affect the outreach breadth and outreach depth of formal MFIs. After regression analysis on a set of panel data from 2010 to 2018 of all formal MFIs in Vietnam, it appears that financial sustainability, repayment ratio have positive relationships with outreach breadth; number of branches andoutreach depth have negative relationships with outreach breadth; whiledeposit-to-loan ratio has a negative impact on outreach breadth. Debt-to-equity ratio and financial sustainability have positive relationships with outreach depth; the size growth of MFIs and loan-to-deposit ratio have negative relationships with outreach depth, portfolio at risk has a negative impact on outreach depth. The study finds bidirectional interactions between outreach breadth and outreach depth. This study helps researchers and managers to understand the key determinants for better management of formal MFIs.

The study examined the effect of credit risk management on salary loan performance in Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited (SBUL).  The study was guided by the following objectives: to investigate the effect of credit risk identification on performance of salary loans; to investigate the effect of credit risk assessment on performance of salary loans; and to investigate the effect of credit risk monitoring and control on performance of salary loans at SBUL. The study adopted a case study designwith a population of 60 respondents from which purposive sampling and simple random sampling methods were used to select a sample of 51. Data was collected from staff and providers using self-administered questionnaires and an interview guide. The study findings indicated that; there were positive significant relationships between credit risk identification, credit risk assessment, credit risk monitoring & control and salary loan performance. The correlation results were supported by the results from regression analysis which revealed that credit risk identification, credit risk assessment and credit risk monitoring & control were strong predictors of salary loan performance. The study concluded that improvement in credit risk identification, credit risk assessment and credit risk monitoring & control enhances salary loan performance at Stanbic bank. The study recommends that management at Stanbic bank offer specialized training to staff and clients in the area of credit risk management and put in place a customized credit management system to coordinate the credit risk management process.

The study was aimed to examined the effect of information technology on the performance of office managers by adopting efficiency and service delivery as performance measurements. The correlation survey design was used, and the survey was done among six commercial banks in Yenagoa, Bayelsa state, Nigeria. This study's sampled participants included thirty-six (36) top, middle, and operational level managers from the analyzed commercial banks, hence the level of analysis is at the macro level. The major technique of data collection was the use of a closed-ended questionnaire with explicit reference to the study goals. The acquired data will be analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The statistical result shows that there is a cordial relationship between information technology and performance outcomes such as efficiency and service quality. However, the study concludes that there is a significant relationship between information technology and the performance of office managers in the studied commercial banks. Based on the study outcome it was recommended that there should be routine investment of information technology that will enable managers to perform optimally at all time.