Human force employed in organizations is the main resources available to the managers. Management of human resources is perhaps the most important obligation of the manager activities and behaviors of human being are due to his needs and motivations. Since reinforcing motivations can lead to more improvements and achievements of every organization, the identification of factors affecting on motivation can help managers and supervisors to be aware of the origin of their staff’s motivations and lead their behavior towards the desired organizational aims. For this reason, this research tries to identify the most important factors affecting on professional motivation of the Iranian seafarers working on ocean-going merchant vessels (case study: National Iranian Tanker Company) and to prioritize those factors in the next step. This research is of an "applied" and "descriptive-survey" type according to the goal and the methodology respectively. Statistical community of this research includes 540 of N.I.T.C. expert seafarers consisting:1- key officers (high rank officers) with at least 10 years of experience, 2- low rank officers with at least 5 years of experience, 3-rating with diploma and at least 10 years of experience. Statistical sample mass based on "Kerjcie-Morgan" table includes 224 seafarers and the sampling method is the "simple random sample" method. The collecting method of data is field and library work. Further to the study of the available texts and researches about motivation and decision-making techniques and also interviewing with experts and lecturers who are masters and chief engineers of ocean-going vessels, a questionnaire has been prepared according to "Delphi method" to the scale of "Likert 5 degrees" and distributed among the statistical community. After analyzing the first questionnaire using the statistical methods and "SPSS" software, 20 affecting variables and also the final factors have been identified. Then the second questionnaire including matrix double scale tables of the criteria has been prepared and distributed. The resulted data has been used to prioritize the criteria of "AHP" method through math average method and the "expert choice" software. The research findings show that the most principle factors affecting seafarers’ professional motivation are prioritized as follows:

1. Work environment, 2. The amount of salary and wages, 3. Job identification special needs, 4. Preparing welfare facilities, 5. Organizational factors, 6. Advancement and growth factors ,7.Leadership style and supervision. In the next step the 20 variables affecting professional motivation of seafarers’ working on ocean-going merchant vessels has been prioritized. Finally, there have been some suggestions presented for each variable to create or increase seafarers’ motivations.

Vishal Bhardwaj’s third remarkably brilliant endeavour to recreate William Shakespeare's texts, characters and plots for the Indian social and political realities, Haider is a visual treat, set against the violent insurgency in the snow-wrapped Kashmir of 1995. Mr Bhardwaj has earlier recreated two other freewheeling Shakespearean heroes, (or anti-heroes), both brilliant: Maqbool (2004), a Macbeth, who is part of the Bombay underworld, and yet suffers too intense a guilt and self-loathing for someone born into ruthlessness and complete autonomy over life, and Omkara, an Othello whose title character is a half-caste gangster general soiled in the heartland crime of Uttar Pradesh. However, in Haider, Bhardwaj, with co-writer Basharat Peer, more than simply translates and recreates the Bard’s work for and to an Indianised setting and audience – he adds resplendent shades of colour, texture, and context to them, what eventually make Haider not just the best film in his trilogy but  the finest film of his career.

Performances in Haider are so fine that slowly but steadily, we come to identify the characters as real flesh-and-blood people. However, instead of Haider, Bhardwaj might have considered calling his Indianised adaptation of Hamlet, Ghazala, after his beautifully recreated and spellbindingly enacted Gertrude. Painstakingly played by Tabu (whose melancholic eyes take your breath away), the character of Ghazala has such depths of intensity and mystery that she hijacks the movie, while by comparison, Haider (Shahid Kapoor) is a simple fellow. In an un-Hamletlike way, he knows exactly what he wants — to avenge his father — and determinedly goes after it. As for the rest of the cast, Kay Kay Menon is mesmerising as always in his menacing and conniving avatar. Narendra Jha is equally impressive as the doctor who in his selfless attempts at putting his profession before self, ends up being perceived by people as a militancy supporter. Even characters with miniscule roles are as impressive as the actors with full-fledged ones. Take for instance, that one scene in which Shahid meets an old woman at a government office where they have both come searching for their missing family members. They show pictures of their missing loved ones to each other. The pained, traumatised-and-yet-caring look on the woman's face as she touches Shahid's head in that brief but poignant scene is striking in the aftermath of emotions it leaves behind. In another chilling scene, a man, his face covered in a balaclava, plays judge and jury from a Jeep, as civilians are paraded in front of him. A movement of his eyes and their fates are decided: dismissed or detained. No words. Period.

The political backdrop of a violently torn Kashmir often overwhelms or even distorts the family drama. Yet, Mr Bhardwaj never fails to justify critics’ appreciation of how cinematically he can reconstruct Shakespearean moments. Haider is not just another stereotypical Bollywood movie but a brilliant cinematic experience that surpasses the melodrama, unrealistic fantasies and clichés that characterise Indian cinema.

Marriage is a legitimate union between a man and a woman, who decide to live together in an intimate relationship for the major portion of their lives. It is the most personal and close form of human relationship. Marriage is defined as a relatively permanent sexual union employing a number of inter-relating roles and statuses.  Marriage is associated with marriage payments, which is the most essential part of it. Payments which are given in consideration of marriage either by bride’s kin and/or groom’s kin to the groom’s kin and/or bride’s kin respectively are called marriage payments. The exchange of such payments may be seen in almost all known societies of the world. The paper deals with an important aspect of social structure called marriage payments. The present paper focuses on the practice of marriage payments as the important dimension of marriage. Marriage is one of the universal social institutions. It is peremptory for different reasons that have many biological, psychological, and social bases. Among the various reasons of its importance, one of the factors stabilizing the significance of marriage in society is marriage payment. Marriage payments form an important part of every society. They do not exist in vacuum. They are related to other institutions. According to the functionalist perspective, no practice can survive in society if it does not fulfill the needs of the society. Therefore, it is important to know about the institutional linkages or social anatomy of marriage payments and the kind of functions and dysfunctions they perform. The present paper focuses on the practice of marriage payments as the important dimension of marriage. The paper deals with an important aspect of social structure called marriage payments. Marriage is traditionally conceived to be a legally recognized relationship between an adult male and female that carries certain rights and obligations (Marshall, 1994: 388). Marriage involves exchange of gifts between bride’s kin and groom’s kin and these gifts are called marriage payments. These payments form an important part of marriage, without which, hardly any marriage is solemnized particularly in Indian context. Sociologists and social anthropologists have studied marriage payments in different regions and cultures and have defined the mode of payments differently. Indian society is a mosaic of many cultures. Infact there are cultures within a culture. Cultural regions can be identified by some cultural traits and by the people themselves. Different cultures show different ways of social practices, so is the case with marriage payments. Tambiah defines marriage payments as “comprising an elaborate series of payments back and forth between the marrying families. The series of gifts extends over a long period of time and persists after marriage”, e.g. in the form of mother’s brother’s obligation to his sister’s children (Tambiah, 1973: 92). Comaroff is of the view that “Marriage payment is not to be understood by the cross cultural comparison of their surface manifestations and their general social correlates, but by first establishing their relations to other organizational elements within encompassing systems” (Comaroff, 1980: 33). This means that marriage payments are interlinked with other elements of the society and, without the involvement of these elements e.g. affinity, descent, sex, age, devolution and rank, ceremonial exchange etc., it is hard to understand the meaning of marriage payments. These elements of society together constitute social structure. Thus marriage payments in a nutshell may be defined as gifts associated with marriage. The mode of giving and receiving of the gifts depends on the type of payment.

This paper investigated the impact of environmental scanning on organizational performance and productivity using Nigeria bottling company as a case study. The study anchored on the following objectives, to determine the impact of environmental scanning on organizational performance and productivity and to examine the factors that influence the performance and productivity of an organization based on its environment. In order to achieve the above objectives, the following research questions were asked: to what extent does environmental scanning affect organizational performance and productivity? And what are the effects of environmental scanning on organizational performance and productivity? The study used survey method. The case study: manufacturing company was selected using stratified and simple random sampling techniques, while the respondents were selected using simple random sampling techniques. The findings of this study were that a large number of respondents (57.7%) strongly agreed that environmental scanning have impact on organizational performance and productivity and that 48.7% of the respondents also agreed that there are factors that influence organizational performance based on organizational scanning and determine the productive level of the organization. The study found that there was a relationship between organizational performance and productivity and environmental scanning and that environmental scanning does affect organizational performance and productivity in a manufacturing industry. The study amongst other things recommended that the company or organizations should routinely engage in environmental scanning as it enhances organizational performance and increase their productive level.

This study focused on the concept of human resources management to an organizational control process. The major objective of the study is to evaluate the concept of human resources management to an organizational control process in the Enugu state ministry of gender affairs. The researcher used questionnaires to collect the pertinent data from the staffs of the ministry. Analysis of data was performed which involved converting responses into frequencies and percentages. Hypotheses were also tested using the chi-square and research questions answered. The study found that there is no human resources department in the ministry; the ministry’s workforce is not properly motivated and the level of organizational control system in the ministry is relatively poor.

Keywords: - human resource management, control, manager, employees, planning, organization.

This study investigated the relationship between bank fraud and the performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Expected loss from fraud, number of fraud cases, number of staff involved and volume of fraud involved (proxy for bank fraud) were regressed against earnings before tax (proxy for performance of DMBs). Secondary data on the indicators of bank fraud were collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) annual reports and Statistical Bulletin for the period 1991–2012. The study employed Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method of econometrics technique, unit root tests, co-integration and error correction mechanism using E-view Version 7.1 Software, to analyse data on the variables. The findings revealed that bank fraud has a significant inverse relationship with bank performance. The study therefore recommended that regulatory authorities and bank management should put policies and measures in place to curtail the incidence of bank fraud to avoid systematic distress and the collapse of the entire banking system in Nigeria.